A 75 yrs old female with giddiness and vomiting


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Name :- P. Sai Krupa Sri

Hall ticket:- 1701006136 


 I've been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of "Patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with a diagnosis and treatment plan. 

Short case :- 





CASE :

75 years old female home maker by occupation, resident of dhamarcherla was bought to the casuality with

• chief complaints of vomitings and giddiness since 1 day. 


HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS :

•Patient is a known case of diabetes mellitus and hypertension since 6 years. 

•She was apparently asymptomatic 6 years back. 
Later she had complaints of headache, generalized weakness for which she was taken to a hospital and there she was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and hypertension and prescribed on oral medication. From then she was on regular medication. 

• Patient did not use oral hypoglycemics and anti- hypertensives for the past 4 days as she went to relatives house. 

• Patient presented with  2-3 episodes of vomitings, non- bilious and non - projectile followed which she developed giddiness. Contents of the vomitus are food and it is not foul smelling. No history of fever or pain abdomen.She was taken to a local hospital where it was found out that her GRBS is 394mg/dL and ketone bodies were positive and referred to our hospital. 

• No history of shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations. 



PAST HISTORY :

She is a known case of diabetes mellitus and hypertension since 6 years. 

No history of Tuberculosis, cardiovascular disease. 

Surgical history - history of cataract surgery 3years back in one eye and 2 years back in the other eye. 


PERSONAL HISTORY :

Diet - mixed

Appetite - normal

Sleep - adequate 

Bowel and bladder movements - regular

 Addictions - chutta smoking for 10years , 3 chutta per day and stopped  5 years back. 

No allergies 

FAMILY HISTORY : 

Not significant


MENSTRUAL AND OBSTETRIC HISTORY :

Attained menopause
8 children - 4 boys and 4 girls


GENERAL EXAMINATION :

Patient was examined in a well lit room after taking informed consent. 
She was conscious, coherent and cooperative. 
Oriented to time, place and person. 

Pallor - present

Icterus - absent

Cyanosis - absent

Clubbing - absent 

Generalized lymphadenopathy - absent

Bilateral pedal edema - absent









VITALS : 

Pulse - 96 beats per minute, irregularly irregular in rhythm,  no radio-radial delay, no radio- femoral delay. 

Blood pressure - 230/100 mm of hg measured in left arm in supine position 

Respiratory rate - 17 cycles per minute

Temperature - Afebrile 

GRBS - 393 mg/dL


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION :

CVS : 

Inspection : no visible pulsation , no visible apex beat , no visible scars.


Palpation: apex beat felt.

Auscultation: 
Mitral area, tricuspid area, pulmonary area, aortic area- S1,S2 heard.

CNS : 

Intact

 

Respiratory system: 

Inspection:

No tracheal deviation 
Chest bilaterally symmetrical
Type of respiration:  thoraco abdominal.
No dilated veins,pulsations,scars, sinuses.

Palpation:
No tracheal deviation
Vocal fremitus- normal on both sides.

Percussion:                   
Resonant in all areas

Auscultation:
 Normal Vesicular breath sounds
Bilateral Airway entry - present.

ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION : 

INSPECTION :

Abdomen -  distension present
Umbilicus - normal
Movements - all quadrants are equally                                    moving with respiration
No scars and sinuses 
No visible  peristalsis
No engorged veins.

PALPATION:

No local rise in temperature and no tenderness in all quadrants 
No organomegaly 

PERCUSSION :

no shifting dullness 

AUSCULTATION :

Bowel sounds are heard and are normal
No bruit.




INVESTIGATIONS :

Haemogram :

  Hb - 11.3 g/dL

  TLC - 8100 

  Platelets - 2.67 lakhs 

  Normocytic normochromic anaemia


Complete urine examination :

 Albumin - 2+

 Sugar - 4+

 Pus cells - 3-6

 Epithelial cells - 2-4

 RBC  -  nil

 Casts - nil


Urine for ketone bodies - positive


Arterial blood gas analysis : 

 PH - 7.44

 Co2 - 30.6

 O2- 71.4

 Hco3 - 22.6

  O2 Saturation - 94%


Electrolytes : 

 Sodium - 133 mEq/dL

 Potassium - 4.2 mEq/ dL

 Chloride - 102 mEq/ dL


10/6/22 

Electrolytes 

Sodium :- 136 

Potassium :- 4.2 

Chloride :- 102 


10/6/22 

Complete urine examination :


Albumin :- + 

Sugars :- nil

Pus cells :- 3-6 cells 

Epithelial cells :- 2-3 cells 

RBC :- nil

Cast :- nil 



11/6/22 

Serum electrolytes :

Sodium :- 134 

Potassium :- 3.6 

Chloride :- 99


Blood urea - 26mg/dL

Serum creatinine - 1mg/dL


Ecg : 







 DIAGNOSIS : 

Diabetic ketosis with  hypertensive urgency

TREATMENT :

• Intra venous fluids( NS, RL) - 100ml /hr

• HUMAN ACTRAPID insulin infusion -6ml/hr

• Tab. NICARDIA 20mg PO/stat

• Inj. OPTINEURON -1 ampoule in 100ml of NS        IV/OD

• Inj. ZOFER 4mg IV / TID

• Hourly monitoring of grbs, pulse, bp, rr, and temperature. 












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